Step 1: Gathering Prime Number Candidates

We'll start by creating an array of integers up to n+1. Since prime numbers must be natural numbers greater than 1, we can discard 0 and 1.

Here's a visual representation of what we're doing:

Here's how we initialize our candidates in both JavaScript and Python:

1const n = 4;
2const numsLessThanN = Array.from(
3  { length: n + 1 }, function(val, idx) {
4    return idx;
5  }
6).slice(2);

This provides us with all potential prime number candidates smaller than n.