Introduction to Concurrency and Multithreading

Concurrency and multithreading are fundamental concepts in programming. They allow multiple tasks or threads to run concurrently, improving the performance and efficiency of a program.

In Java, concurrency is achieved by creating multiple threads that can execute independent tasks simultaneously. Each thread has its own execution context, including its own program counter, stack, and local variables.

Multithreading is particularly important in scenarios where an application needs to perform multiple operations simultaneously, such as processing user requests on a web server or performing calculations in parallel.

Concurrency and multithreading provide several benefits, including:

• Improved responsiveness: By executing multiple tasks concurrently, applications can respond to user input faster and provide a smoother user experience.

• Efficient resource utilization: Multithreading allows for better utilization of system resources, enabling the execution of multiple tasks in parallel and making efficient use of available processing power.

• Code modularity: By dividing tasks into separate threads, applications can be structured in a more modular way, making it easier to understand and maintain the code.

Let's take a look at a simple example:

1public class Main {
2  public static void main(String[] args) {
3    int number = 10;
4    for (int i = 1; i <= number; i++) {
5      System.out.println("Thread " + i + " is running");
6    }
7  }
8}

In this example, we create a Main class with a main method. Inside the main method, we create a loop that prints the message "Thread [i] is running" for each iteration. By running this program, we can see the threads executing concurrently.

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public class Main {

  public static void main(String[] args) {

    // Replace with your Java logic here

    int number = 10;

    for (int i = 1; i <= number; i++) {

      System.out.println("Thread " + i + " is running");

    }

  }

}