Before exploring today's topic, let's examine the distinction between TypeScript and JavaScript.

1. When comparing JavaScript and TypeScript, you should know that JavaScript is a programming language that allows you to make interactive web pages, while TypeScript is a superset of JavaScript.

2. TypeScript code requires compilation, whereas JavaScript code does not.

3. When comparing TypeScript with JavaScript, one can see that TypeScript has support for prototyping, whereas JavaScript does not endorse the prototyping feature.

4. TypeScript uses notions like types and interfaces when describing data, but JavaScript does not.

5. Typescript is a robust type system that includes generics and JavaScript features for large scale projects, whilst JavaScript is the best choice for small projects.

Now that we have compared the TypeScript and JavaScript let's talk about the pass-by-reference and pass-by-value techniques used in TypeScript and JavaScript.

All parameters to functions in JavaScript and TypeScript are always provided by value or copy-of-value. It indicates that JavaScript and TypeScript replicates variable values into function parameters. Any modifications made to the function's arguments are not reflected in the passing variables. Thus, parameter alterations have no effect beyond the function's scope. When passing arguments to a function by reference, all changes to variables passed into the function will be visible outside the function's scope. It's impossible to do this in JavaScript.

Before delving deeper into pass-by-reference or by value in JavaScript and TypeScript functions, it is essential to comprehend the distinction among primitives and objects.