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There are several _ that can be used in ERDs, such as:

  1. Composite Pattern: This pattern allows entities to be grouped together into a single entity, forming a hierarchy. It is useful when dealing with complex relationships or when there is a need to represent parts of a whole.

  2. Decorator Pattern: This pattern allows entities to be extended with additional attributes or behavior dynamically. It is useful when there is a need to add functionality to entities without modifying their existing structure.

  3. _ Pattern: This pattern allows entities to be notified of changes in other entities. It is useful when there is a need to maintain consistent relationships between entities and update them accordingly.

By applying these design patterns, we can improve the flexibility, maintainability, and extensibility of our entity-relationship diagrams.

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