The Try-Catch Block

In C++, exceptions are a way to handle errors that occur during the execution of a program. When an exception is thrown, the program stops executing the current code and starts looking for a piece of code that can handle the exception.

The try-catch block is used to catch and handle exceptions in C++. Here's how it works:

• The try block contains the code that may throw an exception. This is where you would include the code that you want to monitor for errors.
• The catch block is used to catch and handle the exception. It specifies the type of exception that it can handle and includes the code to be executed when that type of exception is caught.

Here's an example of a try-catch block in C++:

1#include <iostream>
2
3using namespace std;
4
5int main() {
6    try {
7        // code that may throw an exception
8    }
9    catch (exception& e) {
10        // code to handle the exception
11    }
12    return 0;
13}

In this example, the try block contains the code that may throw an exception. If an exception of type exception is thrown, the catch block will be executed to handle the exception.

When an exception is caught, you have the opportunity to handle it in some way. You can display an error message, log the exception, or take any other action that you deem appropriate.

The catch block can also handle multiple types of exceptions by using multiple catch blocks.

It's important to note that the catch block must have the same type (or a base class type) as the exception being thrown. If the exception does not match any of the catch blocks, it will not be caught and the program will terminate.

Using try-catch blocks allows you to control the flow of your program when exceptions occur. Instead of the program crashing and displaying an error message to the user, you can gracefully handle the exception and continue execution or take appropriate action.

Keep in mind that exceptions should be used for exceptional circumstances, such as when something unexpected happens or when an error occurs that cannot be easily handled locally. They should not be used for normal control flow within your program.

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#include <iostream>

​

using namespace std;

​

int main() {

    try {

        // code that may throw an exception

    }

    catch (exception& e) {

        // code to handle the exception

    }

    return 0;

}