Data processing and transformation are critical steps in real-time data processing that involve various techniques to manipulate and modify the incoming data. These techniques include filtering, aggregation, and enrichment, which allow engineers to extract valuable insights and generate meaningful outputs.

Filtering:

Filtering is the process of selecting specific data points from a dataset based on certain criteria. In C++, you can use algorithms like copy_if to filter data efficiently. For example, let's say we have a vector of numbers, and we want to filter out only the even numbers:

1#include <iostream>
2#include <vector>
3#include <algorithm>
4
5using namespace std;
6
7int main() {
8  vector<int> numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
9  vector<int> evenNumbers;
10  copy_if(numbers.begin(), numbers.end(), back_inserter(evenNumbers), [](int num){ return num % 2 == 0; });
11
12  for (auto num : evenNumbers) {
13    cout << num << endl;
14  }
15
16  return 0;
17}

This code snippet filters out the even numbers from the numbers vector.

Aggregation:

Aggregation involves combining and summarizing data to calculate metrics or perform computations on a dataset. C++ provides algorithms like accumulate to aggregate data efficiently. Let's consider a vector of numbers, and we want to calculate the sum of all the numbers:

1#include <iostream>
2#include <vector>
3#include <numeric>
4
5using namespace std;
6
7int main() {
8  vector<int> data = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
9  int sum = accumulate(data.begin(), data.end(), 0);
10
11  cout << "Sum of Numbers: " << sum << endl;
12
13  return 0;
14}

In this code snippet, the accumulate function calculates the sum of all elements in the data vector.

Enrichment:

Enrichment involves enhancing or augmenting the data with additional information or modifications. In C++, you can use algorithms like transform to enrich data efficiently. Let's consider a vector of names, and we want to add a prefix to each name:

1#include <iostream>
2#include <vector>
3#include <algorithm>
4
5using namespace std;
6
7int main() {
8  vector<string> names = {"John", "Alice", "Bob"};
9  transform(names.begin(), names.end(), names.begin(), [](string name){ return "Mr/Ms. " + name; });
10
11  for (auto name : names) {
12    cout << name << endl;
13  }
14
15  return 0;
16}

In this code snippet, the transform function adds the prefix "Mr/Ms." to each name in the names vector.

xxxxxxxxxx

}

#include <iostream>

#include <vector>

#include <algorithm>

​

using namespace std;

​

int main() {

  // Filtering

  vector<int> numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

  vector<int> evenNumbers;

  copy_if(numbers.begin(), numbers.end(), back_inserter(evenNumbers), [](int num){ return num % 2 == 0; });

​

  cout << "Filtered Numbers:" << endl;

  for (auto num : evenNumbers) {

    cout << num << endl;

  }

​

  // Aggregation

  vector<int> data = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

  int sum = accumulate(data.begin(), data.end(), 0);

​

  cout << "Sum of Numbers: " << sum << endl;

​

  // Enrichment

  vector<string> names = {"John", "Alice", "Bob"};

  transform(names.begin(), names.end(), names.begin(), [](string name){ return "Mr/Ms. " + name; });

​

  cout << "Enriched Names:" << endl;

  for (auto name : names) {