Now let's dive into Practical Examples: Using Modern C++ Features. Remember, our objective is to study real-world examples to understand the use of these features in practice.

One of the most recognized and useful features in modern C++ is the auto keyword for automatic type deduction, and the initialization of vector in C++17.

The auto keyword in C++, introduced in C++11, allows automatic type deduction. This becomes particularly useful when dealing with complex data types whose declaration can be cumbersome and affect the readability of the code. Using this keyword, the compiler automatically deduces the datatype of the variable at compile time.

We use auto in conjunction with the range-based for loop, another modern C++ feature that simplifies traversals over containers like vectors, lists, arrays etc. It brings code closer to the high-level abstraction, making it more readable and maintainable. It's extensively used in AI for operations on large datasets.

Let's take a look at how the auto keyword and range-based loops are used in practice for traversing a vector:

1#include <iostream>
2#include <vector>
3using namespace std;
4int main() {
5  // Initializing a Vector in C++17 Way
6  vector<int> v = {20, 30, 40, 50};
7  // Usage of `auto` keyword for automatic type deduction
8  for (const auto &i : v) {
9    cout << i << ' ';
10  } // Prints: 20 30 40 50
11  return 0;
12}

In this example, the datatype of i is automatically deduced to be int by the compiler, thanks to the auto keyword. The & is used here to create a reference to avoid unnecessary copies of vector elements, and the const keyword ensures that we don't accidentally modify vector elements. This highlights the practical usage of modern C++ features in writing efficient and readable code.

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#include <iostream>

#include <vector>

using namespace std;

int main() {

  // Initializing a Vector in C++17 Way

  vector<int> v = {20, 30, 40, 50};

  // Usage of `auto` keyword for automatic type deduction

  for (const auto &i : v) {

    cout << i << ' ';

  } // Prints: 20 30 40 50

  return 0;

}