The Standard Template Library (STL) in C++ offers a rich collection of data structures, known as containers, similar to how web programming languages like JavaScript provide an array or map object. These containers include vector, deque, list, set, and map among others. Just as you might choose between using an array or an object in a web development scenario depending on data structure requirements, in C++, choosing between a vector or a deque, for instance, depends on similar factors. Each container offers unique benefits and shortcomings depending on your data manipulation requirements. Let's explore each of these:

• Vector: C++'s answer to dynamic arrays. Fast accessing time, and dynamic resizing are similar to JavaScript native arrays. However, every resizing operation might require reallocation.

• Deque: Stands for 'Double Ended Queue'. Holds the same properties as vector, but designed with efficient insertion and deletion at both ends, akin in principle to the JavaScript unshift and pop array methods.

• List: Implements a doubly-linked list, granting efficient insertions and deletions at any position. Contrast this with JavaScript splice method, although with some differences.

• Set: Unordered collection of unique keys, like a mathematical set. Unique keys can be beneficial for identifying distinct users or entries in finance-related applications.

• Map: Unordered collection of Key-Value pairs. Each unique key maps to a value, quite similar to JavaScript objects. Ideal if we desire to map data to unique identifiers. This recalls coding patterns you may have used in web backend development.

In the following sections, we'll dissect each of these containers, looking at code examples and their practical implications for a software developer working in areas ranging from AI to finance.

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#include <iostream>

#include <vector>

#include <deque>

#include <list>

#include <set>

#include <map>

using namespace std;

int main() {

  vector<int> vect_example;

  deque<int> deque_example;

  list<int> list_example;

  set<int> set_example;

  map<int, int> map_example;

}