The output of the script above is as follows:

1[1, 2, 3, 5, 4]

The given code is an implementation of topological sorting using Depth First Search (DFS). Topological sorting is used for directed graphs to linearly order the vertices such that for every directed edge ( (u, v) ), vertex ( u ) comes before vertex ( v ) in the ordering. This can be used for scheduling tasks, constructing build systems, and other applications where dependencies must be resolved in a specific order.

Here's a step-by-step explanation of how the code works:

1. Initialization: The code initializes three main data structures:

   • adjacentNodes: An array of lists to represent the adjacency list of the graph.
   • visitedNodes: An array of boolean values to keep track of visited nodes during traversal.
   • sortedNodes: A list to store the nodes in the order they are processed.

2. Creating Edges: The createEdge function is used to create edges between nodes. It takes two nodes (nodeA and nodeB) as input and adds nodeB to the adjacency list of nodeA.

3. Depth First Search (sortArr function):

   • It marks the given node as visited by setting visitedNodes[node] to true.
   • Then, it iterates through all the adjacent nodes of the current node. If an adjacent node is not visited, the function is recursively called with that adjacent node.
   • Finally, the current node is added to the sortedNodes list.

4. Main Loop: The main function initializes the graph structure and calls the sortArr function for each node that has not been visited. This ensures that all connected components of the graph are considered.

5. Reversing the Order: Since the nodes are added to the sortedNodes list in the reverse order of the topological sort, the code reverses the order of sortedNodes to obtain the correct topological order.

6. Printing the Result: Finally, the code prints the sorted nodes, excluding the last item. The exclusion of the last item is specific to the given code and may be related to the input graph structure.

Note: This code assumes that the graph doesn't contain any cycles. If there are cycles, topological sorting is not possible, and the code would need to include mechanisms to detect and handle cycles.